Indoor Air Quality Assessment Based on Human Physiology – Part 3 . Applications

The proposed evaluation system allows something quite new: a) the assessment of the effect of each environmental component (constituent) on the total environment level, b) accurate estimation of air volume for various locations, human occupations and sources of harmful gases. Additional benefits are listed at the conclusion of this part.


Introduction
In the area in question there are some problems arising in practical life, which have not been solved up to now. One of these is an assessment of the effect of each environmental component (constituent) on the total condition of the environment. In addition, there are new possibilities in the area of ventilation and ascertaining acceptable indoor air quality: the great variety of air volumes corresponding to each limit for unadapted and adapted persons, so that every situation that can occur in practice may be provided with the correct quantity of outdoor air. An attempt to list the benefits of the new system is presented at the end of this paper.

A new prospect: the assessment of the effect of each constituent on the total environmental level
Perhaps the greatest advantage of the new decibel unit is the possibility of a new type of microenvironment evaluation: first each constituent (component) is assessed separately, and then its effect on the whole environment is assessed. Decibels can also be a new basis for a constituent mutual interaction study.
The paper by [46] can be used for this purpose. Various constituents have different effects on the resulting environment: e.g. our health is more threatened by cold than by positive aeroions.
An increase of 6 dB represents a doubling of the sound pressure level, although an increase of about 10 dB is required before the sound subjectively appears to be twice as loud. The smallest change we can hear is about 3 dB. This is valid for the Weber-Fechner law and is also valid in a similar manner for the odor constituent. This, however, does not apply to the interaction of acoustic and odor or other constituents, as is evident from Rohles' [46] results.
The influence of acoustic (AC) and odor (OD) constituents on the overall environment can be expressed as follows:

Accurate ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality
For this purpose BSR/ASHRAE 62-1989 R can be applied, i.e. the proposed system of dCd and dTv is compatible with this standard.
First, "Prescriptive Requirements", presented in Table 6.1 should be changed: instead of R P and R B air polution sources, G P (produced by human bodies and characterized by CO 2 production) and G B (produced by building interior surfaces and characterized by TVOC production) should be used (see Table 3.2) calculated from formulas (4) and (5). [mg×s -1 ×m -2 ] where R P [l×s  Table 3.3) are considered sufficient to satisfy adapted (r iCO 2 2420 = ppm) and unadapted (r iCO 2 1015 = ppm, other values see  Table 2.3 -p. 34, r eTVOC = 10 mg×m -3 , other values see Table  3.3) are for spaces that are designed, constructed, operated, and maintained according to this standard. Total rates in l×s -1 in the occupied zone for each space are to be determined from Equation 6-3. See Appendix A for further discussion of rationale. Simple system requirements are based on prescriptive requirements with assumptions made for people density and diversity, ventilation system efficiency, and filtration efficiency. See Appendix A.3 for details. Ventilation rates do not apply to spaces just after completion of construction or renovation. See Section 7 for purging of spaces prior to occupancy.

Prescriptive Requirements
Simple System Requirements Notes People Building Outside Air Supply Air  J When internal combustion equipment is intended to be used on the playing surface for more than 10 minutes at a time (e.g., bike racing, truck shows), the listed rate shall be provided as exhaust from no more than 3 m from (both vertically and horizontally) the play area. Temporary use of internal combustion equipment, such as ice-surfacing machines, is acceptable provided a 5-minute waiting period is allowed before occupants return to the field.

K
Rate listed does not include special exhaust for stage effects, e.g., dry ice vapors, smoke. L Rate listed is not intended to be sufficient for humidity control. Provide additional ventilation of mechanical system to remove moisture.
M Fixtures include both water closets and urinals. N See "Guidelines for Control of Tuberculosis" (CDC, 1994) for other requirements.
O Allows for double occupancy per cell. P The MSR for these spaces shall determined in accordance with the simple systems procedure (section 6.2.1) even if the prescriptive procedure is used to determine outdoor air rates.
Q Ventilation to these spaces may be broken into two components. Minimum rates determined using the category "General Classroom (grade 4 plus)" shall be provided at all times the room is expected to be occupied. This rate may be supplemented by exhaust air to provide the rates listed in the table for this category. The exhaust may be locally controlled so that it can be operated by occupants as required by the activity in the space. Air from these spaces may be recirculated only as allowed by section 5.4. Make-up air shall be any combination of directly supplied outdoor air, recirculated air, or air transferred from adjacent occupied and ventilated spaces. R For high school and college libraries, use values shown for Public Spaces-Library. S Direct supply means the room is supplied with outdoor air via a supply grille (either directly or after being mixed with return air) or outdoor air is induced into the room by an exhaust system and the make-up outdoor air source is on the opposite side of the room from the point exhaust. All other designs are considered indirect supply systems. Systems for which the only source of make-up air is infiltration shall be considered indirect supply systems. [Examples of indirect systems include exhaust from an interior toilet room with make-up air drawn from the adjacent corridor.]

Prescriptive Requirements
Simple System Requirements Notes The introduction of G P and G B allows a) various levels of indoor air quality as presented in Table 2.1 (p. 31), Table 3.3, Fig. 2.1 (p. 33) and Fig. 2.3 (p. 36), and b) various levels of outdoor air quality as presented in Table 3.3 using the formulas (6), and (7) to be taken into account.
[ ] l h p l s p CO CO where G P and G B are listed in Table 3.2 and Table 3.4, ], see Table 3.3.
With new values of R P , R B , calculated from formulas (6), (7) we can follow the way prescribed in BSR/ASHRAE 62-1989 R.   The advantages of the new proposed evaluation system can be summed up in the following items: 1. The undoubted benefit of using the decibel scale is that it gives a much better approximation to human preception of odor intensity compared to the CO 2 and TVOC concentration scales. This is because the human olfactory organ (see [27] allow an optimal range definition and corresponding optimal ventilation rate estimations for unadapted and adapted persons by applying optimal limits to formulas (6) and (7). 7. The units allow an optimal range definition (so-called asthmatics optimal range) for persons with increased requirements (e.g. those allergic to indoor air quality, operators in airport control towers, power stations etc.) and corresponding asthmatic optimal ventilation rate estimations for unadapted and adapted persons by applying asthmatics optimal limits to formulas (6) and (7). 8. The unit allow the admissible range definition (for both healthy and allergic persons) and corresponding admissible ventilation rate estimations for unadapted and adapted persons by applying admissible limits to formulas (6) and (7). 9. The units allow definition of the SBS range (corresponding to the long-term tolerable range) and corresponding long-term tolerable ventilation rate estimations, by applying long-term tolerable limits to formulas (6) and (7)