Analytical and numerical analysis of filament-wound toroidal pressure vessel loaded by internal pressure and temperature field
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14311/AP.2025.65.0442Keywords:
toroidal pressure vessel, filament winding, stress analysis, classic lamination theory, FEMAbstract
The presented work deals with the analysis of a toroidal pressure vessel manufactured using filament winding technology. An analytical model based on netting theory was used to determine the pressure vessel meridian curve, winding angle, and thickness change for two ratios of the inner and outer radius of the toroid. The theory of orthotropic continuum was used to determine the stress distribution along the meridian of the torus for loading by internal pressure and temperature field. The stress state was also analysed with the strength criteria for composite materials. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was used for the validation of the analytical model and for the determination of the filling hole effect on the stress state – the violation of membrane stress in its vicinity. The analytical model provides a fast solution, the validity of which was confirmed by FEM, that the temperature (especially after the curing process) has a non-negligible effect on the resulting failure index.
Downloads
References
International Organization for Standardization. ISO 11439:2013. Gas cylinders – High pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles, 2013.
Z. Padovec, D. Vondráček, T. Mareš. The analytical and numerical stress analysis of various domes for composite pressure vessels. Applied and Computational Mechanics 16(2), 2022. https://doi.org/10.24132/acm.2022.781
D. Vondráček, Z. Padovec, T. Mareš, N. Chakraborti. Optimization of dome shape for filament wound pressure vessels using data-driven evolutionary algorithms. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 38(15):1899–1910, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2023.2187823
D. Vondráček, Z. Padovec, T. Mareš, N. Chakraborti. Analysis and optimization of junction between cylindrical part and end dome of filament wound pressure vessels using data driven evolutionary algorithms. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 238(6):2348–2361, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231191319
D. Vondráček, Z. Padovec, T. Mareš, N. Chakraborti. Complex design and analysis of filament wound composite pressure vessels using data driven evolutionary algorithms. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering p. 09544089241238410, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241238410
S. Li, J. Cook. An analysis of filament overwound toroidal pressure vessels and optimum design of such structures. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124(2):215–222, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1430671
L. Zu, D. Zhang, Y. Xu, D. Xiao. Integral design and simulation of composite toroidal hydrogen storage tanks. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37(1):1027–1036, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.03.026
J. D. Marketos. Optimum toroidal pressure vessel filament wound along geodesic lines. AIAA Journal 1(8):1942–1945, 1963. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.1970
W. S. Read. Equilibrium shapes for pressurized fiberglas domes. Journal of Engineering for Industry 85(1):115–118, 1963. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3667557
J. Zickel. Isotensoid pressure vessels. ARS Journal 32:950–951, 1962.
V. V. Vasiliev. Composite pressure vessels: Design, analysis, and manufacturing. Bull Ridge Publishing, Virginia, USA, 2009.
H. Hu, S. Li, J. Wang, L. Zu. Structural design and experimental investigation on filament wound toroidal pressure vessels. Composite Structures 121:114–120, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.11.023
K. K. Chawla. Composite materials: Science and engineering. Springer, 4th edn., 2019.
E. J. Barbero. Introduction to composite materials design. CRC Press, Florida, USA, 2nd edn., 2011. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439894132
S. Sharma. Composite materials: Mechanics, manufacturing and modeling. CRC Press, Florida, USA, 1st edn., 2021. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003147756
C. Liu, Y. Shi. Design optimization for filament wound cylindrical composite internal pressure vessels considering process-induced residual stresses. Composite Structures 235:111755, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111755
S. Li, J. Cook. An analysis of filament overwound toroidal pressure vessels and optimum design of such structures. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124(2):215–222, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1430671
Y. Kisioglu. Burst pressure determination of vehicle toroidal oval cross-section LPG fuel tanks. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 133(3):031202, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4002863
C. P. Fowler, A. C. Orifici, C. H. Wang. A review of toroidal composite pressure vessel optimisation and damage tolerant design for high pressure gaseous fuel storage. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41(47):22067–22089, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.10.039
J. T. Hofeditz. Structural design considerations for fibrous glass pressure vessels. Modern Plastics 41:127–145, 1964.
M. J. Vick, K. Gramoll. Finite element study on the optimization of an orthotropic composite toroidal shell. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 134(5):051201, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4005873
S. Sharma, C. Pany, R. Suresh, et al. Spiral wound gasket in a typical liquid engine convergent-divergent nozzle. In V. K. Singh, G. Choubey, S. Suresh (eds.), Advances in Thermal Sciences, pp. 187–201. Springer Nature, Singapore, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6470-1_16
L. Zu, S. Koussios, A. Beukers. Design of filamentwound circular toroidal hydrogen storage vessels based on non-geodesic fiber trajectories. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35(2):660–670, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.10.062
H. S. Roh, T. Q. Hua, R. K. Ahluwalia. Optimization of carbon fiber usage in Type 4 hydrogen storage tanks for fuel cell automobiles. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38(29):12795–12802, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.07.016
G. W. Ehrenstein. Polymeric materials: Structure, properties, applications. Carl Hanser Verlag, Germany, 2002.
D. Vondráček, Z. Padovec, T. Mareš, N. Chakraborti. Analysis of thermoelastic stresses in filament wound composite pressure vessels using evolutionary deep learning and many-objective optimisation. Philosophical Magazine Letters 105(1):2476499, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2025.2476499
D. Gay, S. V. Hoa, S. W. Tsai. Composite materials: Design and applications. CRC Press, Florida, USA, 1st edn., 2002. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420031683
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Zdeněk Padovec
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
