The effect of printing parameters on the conductivity of conductive filaments during the 3D printing process

Authors

  • František Starý Škoda Auto Vysoká škola, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Na Karmeli 1457, 293 01 Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-4490
  • Marie Jennifer Malíková Škoda Auto Vysoká škola, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Na Karmeli 1457, 293 01 Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic
  • Pavel Švec Škoda Auto Vysoká škola, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Na Karmeli 1457, 293 01 Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic
  • Jiří David Škoda Auto Vysoká škola, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Na Karmeli 1457, 293 01 Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic
  • Pavel Brom Škoda Auto Vysoká škola, Department of Quantitative Methods, Na Karmeli 1457, 293 01 Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic
  • Vojtěch Dynybyl Škoda Auto Vysoká škola, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Na Karmeli 1457, 293 01 Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14311/AP.2026.66.0450

Keywords:

electrically conductive filaments, 3D print, measurement, printing parameters

Abstract

The article discusses electrically conductive filaments for FDM printing and, more specifically, the influence of printing parameters on the resulting conductivity of the component. First, the methodology of sample measurements is described. Then, a comparison of samples with 9 different printing parameters is made. Finally, three samples are selected for a detailed investigation of the influence of the printing parameters on the resulting electrical resistivity.

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References

[1] Z. Aloqalaa. Electrically conductive fused deposition modeling filaments: Current status and medical applications. Crystals 12(8):1055, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081055

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[3] A. R. Jangid, E. B. Strong, J. Chuang, et al. Evaluation of commercially-available conductive filaments for 3D printing flexible circuits on paper. PeerJ Materials Science 4:e21, 2022. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.21

[4] A. Koterwa, I. Kaczmarzyk, S. Mania, et al. The role of electrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment in the enhancement of the electrochemical properties of 3D-printed carbon black/poly(lactic acid) structures. Applied Surface Science 574:151587, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151587

[5] S. J. Leigh, R. J. Bradley, C. P. Purssell, et al. A simple, low-cost conductive composite material for 3D printing of electronic sensors. PLOS ONE 7(11):e49365, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049365

[6] R. Matsuzaki, M. Ueda, M. Namiki, et al. Threedimensional printing of continuous-fiber composites by in-nozzle impregnation. Scientific Reports 6(1):23058, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23058

[7] A. R. Torrado, C. M. Shemelya, J. D. English, et al. Characterizing the effect of additives to ABS on the mechanical property anisotropy of specimens fabricated by material extrusion 3D printing. Additive Manufacturing 6:16–29, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2015.02.001

[8] H. Probst, K. Katzer, A. Nocke, et al. Melt spinning of highly stretchable, electrically conductive filament yarns. Polymers 13(4):590, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040590

[9] A. R. Torrado Perez, D. A. Roberson, R. B. Wicker. Fracture surface analysis of 3D-printed tensile specimens of novel ABS-based materials. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 14(3):343–353, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-014-9803-9

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Published

2026-09-08

Issue

Vol. 66 No. 4 (2026)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 František Starý, Marie Jennifer Malíková, Pavel Švec, Jiří David, Pavel Brom, Vojtěch Dynybyl

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Starý, F., Malíková, M. J., Švec, P., David, J., Brom, P., & Dynybyl, V. (2026). The effect of printing parameters on the conductivity of conductive filaments during the 3D printing process. Acta Polytechnica, 66(4), 450-455. https://doi.org/10.14311/AP.2026.66.0450