Improving QoS in mobile multimedia streaming with SCTP-PQ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14311/AP.2023.63.0347Keywords:
priority queue, SCTP, delay, jitter, QoSAbstract
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is often the preferred transport layer protocol in streaming applications. This protocol combines the best aspects of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), but also offers additional features. SCTP supports multihoming and multi-streaming applications and has a congestion mechanism like TCP. Media streaming consists of different types of frames with different levels of importance. For example, I-frames carry more information than B-frames in Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). Usually, MPEG frames are processed using the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) algorithm. In this paper, a four-level priority queue integrated protocol named SCTP Priority Queue (SCTP-PQ) has been developed to reduce jitter and delay in real-time multimedia streaming for mobile devices. As part of the development, priority and retransmitted packets are determined on the sending side and these packets are processed faster by using the priority queue on the receiving side. In this way, the average queue delay of priority packets on the receiving side is reduced by 90 % and the throughput values are increased by an average of 10 times. The developed protocol has been extensively tested and compared with SCTP. The results show that the SCTP-PQ outperforms the standard SCTP in terms of jitter and delay.
Downloads
References
H. Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, V. Jacobson. RFC3550: RTP: A transport protocol for real-time applications, 2 003. https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc3550
S. Fu, M. Atiquzzaman. SCTP: State of the art in research, products, and technical challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine 42(4):64–76, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2004.1284931
K. Ahmad, A. C. Begen. IPTV and video networks in the 2015 timeframe: The evolution to medianets. IEEE Communications Magazine 47(12):68–74, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2009.5350371
Z. Wang, S. Mao, W. Yang. Deep learning approach to multimedia traffic classification based on QoScharacteristics. IET Networks 8(3):145–154, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-net.2018.5179
C.-H. Ke, N. Chilamkurti. A new framework for MPEG video delivery over heterogeneous networks. Computer Communications 31(11):2656–2668, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2008.02.029
S. Zeadally, H. Moustafa, F. Siddiqui. Internet protocol television (IPTV): Architecture, trends, and challenges. IEEE Systems Journal 5(4):518–527, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2011.2165601
S. Kumar, S. Rai. Survey on transport layer protocols: TCP & UDP. International Journal of Computer Applications 46(7):20–25, 2012.
C. Holmberg, S. Hakansson, G. Eriksson. Web real-time communication use cases and requirements. Request for Comments (RFC) 7478, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc7478
E. A. Kaur, E. P. Rani. A review on comparative analysis of different transport layer protocols in MANETs. International Journal Of Engineering and Computer Science 4(06), 2015.
C. Li, S. He, Z. Fen. Reliability analysis of communication IP network. In 2016 International Conference on Robots & Intelligent System (ICRIS), pp. 282–284. IEEE, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRIS.2016.58
H. T. Alvestrand. Overview: Real-Time Protocols for Browser-Based Applications. RFC 8825, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17487/RFC8825
W. A. Hussein, S. F. Lu. Performance comparison of transport layer protocols for multimedia application in wired networks. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering 18(6):33–38, 2018.
S. T. Kim, S. J. Koh, Y. J. Kim. Performance of SCTP for IPTV applications. In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, vol. 3, pp. 2176–2180. IEEE, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACT.2007.358804
T. Bach, M. Maruschke, J. Zimmermann, et al. Combination of IMS-based IPTV services with webRTC. In Proceedings of the 9th Internation Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology, Seville, Spain, pp. 140–144. 2014.
A. Abd, T. Saadawi, M. Lee, et al. Unequal error protection for real-time video in mobile ad hoc networks via multi-path transport. Computer Communications 30(17):3293–3306, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2007.08.042
R. Stewart, M. Tüxen, P. Lei. SCTP: What is it, and how to use it? In Proceedings of BSDCan: The Technical BSD Conference, pp. 1–10. 2008.
R. K. Goyal, S. Kaushal. A survey of mSCTP for transport layer mobility management. Journal of Advances in Information Technology 4(1):20–27, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4304/jait.4.1.20-27
R. Stewart, Q. Xie, K. Morneault, et al. RFC2960: Stream control transmission protocol, 2000. https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc2960
J. Ortiz, E. M. Graciá, A. F. Skarmeta. SCTP as scalable video coding transport. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2013(1):115, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2013-115
Ł. Budzisz, J. Garcia, A. Brunstrom, R. Ferrús. A taxonomy and survey of SCTP research. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 44(4):1–36, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1145/2333112.2333113
M. Ahmad, M. Hussain, B. Abbas, et al. End-to-end loss based TCP congestion control mechanism as a secured communication technology for smart healthcare enterprises. IEEE Access 6:11641–11656, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2802841
I. Rüngeler, M. Tüxen, E. P. Rathgeb. Congestion and flow control in the context of the message-oriented protocol SCTP. In International Conference on Research in Networking, pp. 468–481. Springer, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01399-7_37
A. Jagetiya, R. Challa. Stream control transmission protocol. The Journal of the Computer Society of India 40:33–35, 2016.
M. N. El Derini, A. A. Elshikh. MPEG-4 video transfer with SCTP-friendly rate control. In The Second International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology IIT’05, pp. 1–11. Citeseer, 2005.
S. Boussen, N. Tabbane, S. Tabbane. Performance analysis of SCTP protocol in WiFi network. In 2009 First International Conference on Communications and Networking, pp. 1–5. IEEE, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIT.2009.30
Y. Wang, I. Rhee, S. Ha. Augment SCTP multi-streaming with pluggable scheduling. In 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), pp. 810–815. IEEE, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOMW.2011.5928924
T. D. Wallace, A. Shami. A review of multihoming issues using the stream control transmission protocol. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2(14):565–578, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2011.051111.00096
R. Rajput, G. Singh. Comparing stream control and datagram congestion control with traditional transmission control protocol. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (IJCSMC) 4(6):570–577, 2015.
J. Eklund. Latency Reduction for Soft Real-Time Traffic using SCTP Multihoming. Ph.D. thesis, Karlstad University Press, 2016.
L. Wang, K. Kawanishi, Y. Onozato. Achieving robust fairness of SCTP extension for MPEG-4 streaming. In 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 2970–2974. IEEE, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2009.5450179
J. Filip. Analytical model of modified traffic control in an ATM computer network. Acta Polytechnica 41(6):45–50, 2001. https://doi.org/10.14311/288
R. Stewart, M. Tüxen, S. Loreto, R. Seggelmann. Stream schedulers and user message interleaving for the stream control transmission protocol, 2017. https://doi.org/10.17487/RFC8260
A. Argyriou. A novel end-to-end architecture for H.264 video streaming over the internet. Telecommunication Systems 28(2):133–150, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-004-5013-1
R. Fracchia, C. Casetti, C.-F. Chiasserini, M. Meo. A WiSE extension of SCTP for wireless networks. In IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005, vol. 3, pp. 1448–1453. IEEE, 2005.
K.-H. Kim, K.-M. Jeong, C.-H. Kang, S.-J. Seok. A transmission control SCTP for real-time multimedia streaming. Computer Networks 54(9):1418–1425, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2009.11.014
S. Lederer, C. Müller, C. Timmerer. Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP dataset. In Proceedings of the 3rd multimedia systems conference, pp. 89–94. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1145/2155555.2155570
S. S. Kallungal. A survey on adaptive video streaming techniques with cloud. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) 6(3):350–352, 2017.
R. Stewart, M. Ramalho, Q. Xie, et al. Rfc3758: Stream control transmission protocol (sctp) partial reliability extension, 2004.
P. P. D. Amer, M. Becke, T. Dreibholz, et al. Load sharing for the stream control transmission protocol (SCTP). Internet-Draft draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-multipath-25, Internet Engineering Task Force, 2023. Work in Progress.
L. P. Verma, V. K. Sharma, M. Kumar, et al. DB-CMT: A new concurrent multi-path stream control transport protocol. Journal of Network and Systems Management 30(4):67, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-022-09677-1
P. Tomar, G. Kumar, L. P. Verma, et al. CMT-SCTP and MPTCP multipath transport protocols: A comprehensive review. Electronics 11(15):2384, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152384
L. P. Verma, V. K. Sharma, M. Kumar. New delay-based fast retransmission policy for CMT-SCTP. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications 10(3):59–66, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2018.03.07
N. Arianpoo, V. C. Leung. A smart fairness mechanism for concurrent multipath transfer in SCTP over wireless multi-hop networks. Ad Hoc Networks 55:40–49, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.11.005
C. Yu, W. Quan, D. Gao, et al. Reliable cybertwin-driven concurrent multipath transfer with deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8(22):16207–16218, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3101447
D. Wang, M. Wang, T. Zhang, et al. An adaptive CMT-SCTP scheme: A reinforcement learning approach. Journal of Networking and Network Applications 1(4):170–178, 2022. https://doi.org/10.33969/J-NaNA.2021.010404
I. Sodagar. The MPEG-DASH standard for multimedia streaming over the internet. IEEE multimedia 18(4):62–67, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMUL.2011.71
N.-N. Dao, A.-T. Tran, N. H. Tu, et al. A contemporary survey on live video streaming from a computation-driven perspective. ACM Computing Surveys 54(10s):1–38, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3519552
H. L. Mohamed, A. F. Mahmood. A survey of streaming protocols for video transmission. NTU Journal of Engineering and Technology 2(1):23–38, 2023. https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujet.v2i1.391
G. N. Vivekananda, C. Reddy, A. Ilknur. A congestion avoidance mechanism in multimedia transmission over MANET using SCTP multi-streaming. Multimedia Tools and Applications 79:16823–16844, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7260-x
K. Fall, K. Varadhan. The ns manual (formerly ns notes and documentation). 2011, [2023-11-04], http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/doc/ns_doc.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Alisettar Hüseynli, Mehmet Şimşek, M. Ali Akcayol
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Accepted 2023-07-18
Published 2023-11-07
