STRENGTH, DURABILITY AND MICROSTRUCTURE INVESTIGATIONS OF CONCRETE CONTAINING EMPTY PALM OIL FRUIT BRUNCH ASH (EPO-FBA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14311/CEJ.2021.02.0038Keywords:
Compressive strength, Microstructure, Sorptivity, Water absorptionAbstract
Understanding of the internal arrangement of the constituents of structural concrete, at the microscopic level, and its strength behavior, as well as its ability to result in durable concrete, are necessary in order to enhance its innovative and sustainable application. This paper presents the results of investigation conducted to ascertain the strength characteristics, microstructure configuration and durability traits of concrete with its ordinary Portland cement (OPC) fraction replaced partially with empty palm oil fruit brunch ash (EPO-FBA). The compressive strength properties were assessed with 150 x 150 x 150 cube specimens while 100 x 100 x 100 cube specimens were used to assess the durability properties. An insight into the morphology and the microstructure of samples with EPO-FBA was obtained through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that EPO-FBA is a good supplementary cementing material up to 10% replacement level, however, the samples with EPO-FBA showed a significantly improved compressive strengths development and good durability characteristics at latter ages, at the replacement level beyond 10%.
Downloads
References
Scrivener K. R., 2018. The Microstructure of Concrete. Materials Science of Concrete, 18 pp. Retrieved from www.comisiru.uct.ac.za/../The_Microstructure_of_Concrete.pdf .
Mehta P. K., Monteiro P. J. M., 2014. Concrete: Microstructure Properties and Materials. McGraw Hill Education, New York, USA, 239 pp.
Boccaccini A. R. 2005. Ceramics. Biomaterials, Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering. Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials. Retrieved from https//doi.org/10.1533/9781845690861.1.26.
Fapohunda C. A., Shittu A. O., 2017. Some Later Ages Structural Characteristics of Concrete Containing Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunch Ash (EPO-FBA) as Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, nos. 1: 42–46.
Bamforth P., Chisholm D., Gibbs J., Harrison T. 2008. Properties of Concrete for use in Eurocode 2 – How to optimise the engineering properties of concrete in design to Eurocode 2. A Cement and Concrete Industry Publication. Retrieved from www.concretecentre.com.
Fapohunda, C. A. and Oluwasegunota, O. B. (2019). Evaluation of Structural Performance of Concrete With OPC Fraction Partly Replaced By Empty Palm Oil Bunch Ash (Epo-Fba). FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, vol. 4, Nos. 1: 202 – 208
Coelho, V. A., Guimaraes, C. C., Doutto, G. G. And Pedra, P. M. (2019). Evaluation Of Mortar Properties Obtained Through Partial Substitution Of Portland Cement By Ashes Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch. Cerâmica vol. 65, 375. https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132019653752575
NIS 444-1, 2014. Cement – Part I: Composition and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements. Standard Organization of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
BS EN 197-1, 2000. Cement, Composition, Specification and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements. British Standard Institution, London, U.K.
BS EN 12620:2002, 2008. Specification for Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete. British Standard Institution, London, U.K.
BS 8110, 1997. Structural Use of Concrete – Code of Practice for Design and Construction. British Standard Institution, London, U.K.
Oyekan G. L., Kamiyo, O. M., 2011. A study on the engineering Properties of Sandcrete Blocks produced with Rice Husk Ash Blended Cement. Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, vol. 3, nos. 3: 88-98.
ASTM C 1602, 2012. Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete. ASTM International, Philadelphia, USA.
BS EN 12390-3, 2009. Testing Hardened Concrete: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens. British Standard Institution, London, U.K. [15] Neville A. M., 2011. Properties of Concrete. Pearson Educational Publishers, London, U. K. 779 pp.
Ganesan K., Rajagopal K., Thangavel K., 2008. Rice husk ash blended cement: assessment of optimal level of replacement for strength and permeability properties of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, vol. 22, nos. 8:1675–1683.
Giannotti-da-Silva F., Liborio J. B. L., Helene P. 2008. Improvement of physical and chemical properties of concrete with Brazilian silica rice husk (SRH). Revista Ingeniería de Construcción, vol. 23, nos. 1:18-25.
Hall C., 1989. Water sorptivity of mortars and concretes: A review. Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 41, nos. 14: 51–61. [19] ASTM C 1585, 2004. Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic Cement Concrete. ASTM International, Philadelphia, USA.
Stanish K. D., Hooton R. D., Thomas M. D. A., 1997. Testing the chloride penetration resistance of concrete: a literature review, FHWA contract DTFH61. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto. [21] Terzaghi K., Peck R. B., Mesri G., 1996. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. John Wiley, New York, USA. 549 pp.
ASTM C 33 (1997). Concrete and Aggregates - ASTM Standards, Concrete and Aggregates. ASTM International, Philadelphia, USA. [23] ASTM C 618 (2005) Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete. ASTM International, Philadelphia, USA.
Day R. L., 1990. Pozzolans for Use in Low-Cost Housing – A State of the Art Report for the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada.
Malhotra V. M., Mehta P. K., 1996. Pozzolanic and Cementitious Materials - Advances in Concrete Technology. Volume 1. Edited by V.M. Malhotra. Gordon and Breach Publishers, Ottawa, Canada.
Nazari A., Rafieipour M. H., Riahi S., 2011. The Effects of CuO Nanoparticles on Properties of Self Compacting Concrete with GGBFS as Binder. Materials Research, vol. 14, nos. 3: 307–316.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Stavební obzor - Civil Engineering Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
Accepted 2021-07-23
Published 2021-07-28
