ESTIMATION OF SWELLING PRESSURE OF EXPANSIVE SOILS REINFORCED WITH GRANULAR PILE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14311/CEJ.2020.03.0028Keywords:
Granular pile; S/d ratio; Swelling pressure; Relative density of sandAbstract
Constructing over expansive soils often severely damage the structure due to high swell-shrinkage behaviour and loss of strength owing to fluctuating water content. Due to the above reasons construction on or using expansive soils is considered to be unsafe. The technique of such soil, improvement by installation of granular piles (also known as stone columns) is popular to marshy lands, marine clays, loose sand, silty or clayey sand, and compressible soils. Granular piles improve swelling properties of expansive soil. In the present study six expansive soils were used. The one of them was the naturally available black cotton soil and others were derived from it by mixing bentonite in different proportions. Test beds of these soils were prepared at different initial moisture contents and the granular pile of sand was installed in these beds by the method of removal. Besides initial moisture content, properties of expansive soils, the spacing between the piles (expressed by s/d ratio; s = spacing between the piles and d = diameter of a pile) and the relative density of granular pile forming material were the variables of the study. Multiple linear regression analysis on the test data has been performed and equations for predicting swelling pressure of soil bed without pile and inclusion with granular pile have been developed.
Downloads
References
Chen, F.H., 1975. Foundations on expansive soils. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., New York.
Grim,R. E., 1968. Clay mineralogy. 2nd edn. McGraw-HillBook Company, New York, USA.
Gourley, C. S., Newill, D., Shreiner, H. D., 1993. Expansive soils: TRL’s research strategy. Proc., 1st Int. Symp. on Engineering Characteristics of Arid Soils, London.
Puppala,A. J., Cerato, A., 2009. Heave distress problems in chemically-treated sulfate-laden materials. Geo-Strata,10(2): 28– 30.
Jones,L. D., Jefferson, I.,2012. Expansive soils. Burland, J., Chapman, T., Skinner, H., Brown,M. Geotechnical engineering principles, problematic soils and site investigation. Edited by, ICE manual of geotechnical engineering, 5:413-441.
Meshram, K., 2016. Swelling behavior of expansive soils reinforced with granular pile. Ph.D. thesis, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal (M.P.), India.
Hughes,J. M. O., Withers, N. J., 1974.Reinforcing of soft cohesive soils with stone columns. Ground Engineering, 7 (3): 42-49.
Guetif, Z., Bouassida, M., Debats, J. M.,2007. Improved soft clay characteristics due to stone column installation. Computers and Geotechnics, 34(2):104-111.
Samadhiya, N. K.,Maheshwari, P., Basu, P., Kumar, M. B., 2008. Load settlement characteristics of granular pile with randomly mixed fibers. Indian Geotech. J., 38(3):345-354.
Murugesan,S., Rajagopal, K.,2010. Studies on the behavior of single and group of geosynthetic encased stone columns. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 136(1):129–139.
Black, J. A.,Sivakumar, V.,Madhav, M. R., Hamill, G. A., 2007. Reinforced stone columns in weak deposits: laboratory model study. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(9):1154-1161.
Stuedlein,A. W., Holtz, R. D.,2012. Analysis of footing load tests on aggregate pier reinforced clay,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138(9):1091-1103.
Hanna, A. M.,Etezad, M., Ayadat, T., 2013. Mode of failure of a group of stone columns in soft soil,” International Journal of Geomechanics, 13(1):87-96.
Zhang, L., Zhao, M., Shi, C., Zhao, H.,2013. Settlement calculation of composite foundation reinforced with stone columns.International Journal of Geomechanics, 13(3): 248–256.
Ali, K., Shahu, J. T., Sharma, K. G., 2014. Model tests on single and groups of stone columns with different geosynthetic reinforcement arrangement. Geosynthetics International, 21(2):103–118.
Rangeard, D.,Phan, P. T.,Martinez, J., Lambert, S., 2016. Mechanical behavior of fine-grained soil reinforced by sand columns: an experimental laboratory study. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 39(4):648-657.
Castro,J., Sagaseta, C., 2009. Consolidation around stone columns: Influence of column deformation. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 33: 851-877.
Castro, J., Cimentada, A.,da Costa, A. D.,Cañizal, J., Sagaseta, C., 2013. Consolidation and deformation around stone columns: comparison of theoretical and laboratory results. Computers and Geotechnics, 49:326-337.
Han,J., Ye, S. L., 2001. Simplified method for consolidation rate of stone column reinforced foundations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127(7):597-603.
Han,J., Ye, S. L., 2002. A theoretical solution for consolidation rates of stone column-reinforced foundations accounting for smear and well resistance effects. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2(2):135-151.
Bureau of Indian Standards, 2003. Indian standard code of practice for design and construction for ground improvement-guidelines. Part 1: Stone columns. IS 15284 (Part 1), New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards, 1970. Classification and identification of soils for general engineering purposes,” IS 1498, First Revision, Reaffirmed 2007, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards, 1980. Indian standard code of practice for methods of test for soils: determination of water content dry density relation using light compaction. IS 2720 (Part 7), New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards,1985. Indian standard code of practice for methods of test for soils: determination of liquid limit and plastic limit. IS 2720 (Part 5), New Delhi, India.
Harishkumar,K., Muthukkumaran, K.,2011.Study on swelling and shrinkage behaviour and its improvement. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 4(6):19-25.
Komornik,A., David, D.,1969. Prediction of swelling pressure of clays. Soil Mech Found Eng., 95(1):209–225.
Nayak,N. V., Christensen, R. W.,1971. Swelling characteristics of compacted expansive soil. Clays Clay Miner., 19: 251–261.
Erguler,Z. A., Ulusay, R. A.,2003. A simple test and predictive models for assessing swell potential of Ankara (Turkey) clay. Eng .Geol., 67:331–352 .
Erzin,Y., Erol, O., 2004. Correlations for quick prediction of swell pressures. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng., 9, paper 0476.
Sabtan, A. A., 2005.Geotechnical properties of expansive clay shale in Tabuk, Saudia Arabia. J. Asian Earth Sci., 25:747–757.
Çimen, O., Keskin, S. N., Yildirim, H., 2010. Prediction of Swelling Potential and Pressure in Compacted Clay. Arabian J. Sci. Eng., 37(6):1535–1546 .
Erzin,Y., Gunes, N., 2013. The unique relationship between swell percent and swell pressure of compacted clays. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 72:71–80.
Lajevardi, S. H.,Shamsi, H. R.,Hamidi, M., Enami, S., 2018. Numerical and experimental studies on single stone columns. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 55(5):340-345.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).