DIFFUSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUT IN LAYERED FAULT MEDIUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14311/CEJ.2018.04.0048Keywords:
Grouting, Layered fault medium, Grout diffusion characteristics, Reinforcement modeAbstract
The grouting method has been widely adopted to improve the soft and broken ground properties in tunnelling engineering. This paper carries out numerical and experimental investigation to study the diffusion characteristics of grout in layered fault, considering the influence of flowing water and multiple injections. The fault is simplified to consist of (1) fault gouge, (2) fault breccia and (3) mixed area. It can be concluded that the grout shows significantly different diffusion characteristics in fault breccia and mixed area, moreover, due to the scouring effect of flowing water, grout has greater diffusion tendency in the direction of the water. In the case of single injection, the grout diffusion distance in mixed area was between 75.86 % and 88.10 % of that in fault breccia, while it was 59.8 % when multiple injections were carried out. It appeared that, the higher the injection pressure, the grout diffusion priority in fault breccia is greater. It can be also concluded that the pressure dissipated gradually from the injection hole to periphery, and the pressure dissipation in mixed area is faster than that in fault breccia. The results of experiment match reasonably well with numerical simulation, furthermore, the grouting reinforcement mode for layered fault medium are proposed. These conclusions can be used to better understand grouting theory.
Downloads
References
Qian, Q.H. 2012. Challenges faced by underground projects construction safety and counter- measures. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. vol. 31: 1945-1956.
Zhang, Q.S.; Han, W.W. 2012. Comprehensive grouting treatment for water gushing analysis in limestone fault breccias fracture zone. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. vol.31: 2412-2419.
Li S.C., Li M.T., Zhang X. And Zhang Q.S. 2018. The civil engineering journal, vol. 364-379: 1945- 1956.
Giuseppe, M.; Joanna, B. 2012. Analysis of Foundations Reinforced with Jet Grouting. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. vol.138: 1442-1454.
Zong, Y. J. 2013. Mechanical characteristics of confined grouting reinforcement for cracked rock mass. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering. vol. 30: 483-488.
Houlsby, A.C. 1990. Construction and design of cement grouting-A guide to grouting in rock formation. John Wiley&Sons, Inc., NY.
Gothall, R.; Stille, H. 2010. Fracture-fracture in-teraction during grouting. Tunnelling and Un- derground SpaceTechnology. vol. 25: 199-204.
Eisa, K. 2010. Compensation grouting in sand[Ph. D. Thesis]. University of Cambridge, London.
Tirupati, B. 2009. Experimental Investigations of Colloidal Silica Grouting in Porous Media. Journal of
Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. vol. 135: 697-700.
Silas, C.N.; Deborah, J.G. 2000. Physical model testing of compaction grouting in cohesionless soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 126: 848-852.
Adam, B. 2010. Compensation Grouting in Sand- Experiments, Field Experiences and Mechanisms[Ph. D. Thesis]. Delft University of Technology.
Adam, B. 2011. Analytical Model for Fracture Grouting in Sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. vol. 137: 611-620.
Zhang, Q.S; Li, P.; Wang, G. 2015. Parameters optimization of curtain grouting reinforcement cycle in Yonglian tunnel and its application. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. vol. 2018: 1-15.
Li, P.; Zhang, Q.S.; Zhang, X. 2017. Grouting Diffusion Characteristics in Faults Considering the Interaction of Multiple Grouting. International Journal of Geomechanics. vol. 5: 1-10.
Liu, J.; Liu, R.T.; Zhang, X. 2012. Diffusion law model test and numerical simulation of cement fracture grouting. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. vol.31: 2445-2552.
Wang, G. 2014. Study on stability and parameters of curtain grouting reinforcement ring in water-rich strata of tunnel. Shandong University, Jinan.
Li, P.; Zhang, Q.S.; Zhang, X. 2014. Analysis of fracture grouting mechanism based on model test. Rock and Soil Mechanics. vol.35: 3221-3230.
Zhang, Q.S.; Li, P. 2015. Model test on grouting strengthening mechanism for fault gouge of tunnel. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. vol.34: 924-934.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
