GEOMONITORING OF THE OPEN-PIT MINE SLOPES DURING SUBSOIL DEVELOPMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14311/CEJ.2024.01.0004Keywords:
Geomonitoring, open-pit mine, vertical displacements, deformation target, geomechanical properties, slope stabilityAbstract
The concept of geomonitoring and its role in developing the mining industry as a case study of the development of copper and zinc deposits in central Kazakhstan ("East Saryoba" mine) has been considered. As a crucial element of the geomonitoring concept, the control of the open-pit mine's slope stability has been examined. Geomonitoring is being treated as a combination of geodetic monitoring data and geomechanical properties of the surrounding rocks to analyze the possible slopes' collapses. The refined approach of geomonitoring has been developed to provide appropriate reliability and accuracy. The technology is based on complex knowledge about the geological structure of the object of monitoring and applying state-of-the-art geodetic methods. Research on the geomechanical properties of the open-pit mine has been carried out. The results of these studies have been used to determine the collapse zones of the slopes of the open-pit mine. The limit values for the slopes' collapse zone and inclination angle for the prospective excavation regions in the open-pit mine have been calculated using the equilibrium state equation. Those values, namely, the size of the collapse zone and the slope's inclination angle, were used for the geodetic target setup. As a case study, the displacements of these targets were measured using robotic total stations placed on the control points over the geodetic network. For the installation of both geodetic equipment during the geomonitoring design and accomplishment, the authors developed the permanent measuring station construction, which provides fast and accurate centering. The first results showed that the problem of the geomonitoring design could be solved based on geomechanical rock properties accounting and their combination with the results of geodetic measurements.
Downloads
References
Yang Z., Gao Q., Li M.-H., Zhang G. 2014. Stability Analysis and Design of Open-Pit Mine Slope in China: A review. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 19: 10247-10266.
Ortega J. H., Rapiman M, Lecaros R., Medel F., Padilla F., Garcia A. Predictive index for slope instabilities in open pit mining. Available online: https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.05085 (accessed on 04 August 2023) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1607.05085
Harries N., Noon D., Rowley K. 2006. Case studies of slope stability radar used in open-cut mines. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Stability of Rock Slopes 335-342.
Sjoberg, J. Large scale slope stability in open pit mining – a review. Technical report 1996:10T, Lulea university of technology, 1996, 229 p.
Karam K.S., He M.C., Sousa L.R. 2015. Slope stability risk management in open pit mines. In: Proceedings of the 7th GiT4NDM and 5th EOGL International Conference, UAE, Al-Ain, 19p
Stacey T.R., Xianbin Y., Armstrong R., Keyter G.J. 2003. New slope stability considerations for deep open-pit mines. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 103(6): 373–389.
Little, M.J. 2006. Slope monitoring strategy at prust open pit operation. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Stability of Rock Slopes in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering, 211-230.
Vinoth S., Kumar L.A., Kumar E. 2015. Slope Stability Monitoring by Quantification and Behavior of Microseismic Events in an Opencast Coal Mine. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, Vol.85: 450-456.
Narendranathan S., Nikraz H. 2011. Optimal System Design for Instrumented Slope Monitoring in Open Pit Mines. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, Perth, Australia, 311-317.
Rákay Š., Zuzik J., Weiss G., Labant S. 2013. Surveying of inaccessible rock faces and volume calculation of the irregular solids using robotic total station. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 18(3): 164-171.
Bazarnik M. 2018. Slope stability monitoring in open pit mines using 3D terrestrial laser scanning. In: Proceedings AG 2018 – 4th International Conference on Applied Geophysics, E3S Web of Conferences, 66. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186601020
Long N.Q., Buczek M.M., Hien L.P., Szlapin'ska S.A., Nam B.X., Nghia N.V., Cuong C.X. 2018. Accuracy assessment of mine walls' surface models derived from terrestrial laser scanning. Int J Coal Sci Technol, 5(3): 328–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-018-0218-1
Pagano M., Palma B., Ruocco A., Parise M. 2020. Discontinuity Characterization of Rock Masses through Terrestrial Laser Scanner and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Techniques Aimed at Slope Stability Assessment. Appl. Sci, 10(8): 2960. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082960
Török Á., Bögöly G., Somogyi Á., Lovas T. 2020. Application of UAV in Topographic Modelling and Structural Geological Mapping of Quarries and Their Surroundings—Delineation of Fault-Bordered Raw Material Reserves. Sensors, 20(2): 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020489
Tong X., Liu X., Chen P., Liu S., Luan K., Li L., Liu S., Liu X., Xie H., Jin Y., Hong Z. 2015. Integration of UAV-Based Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for the Three-Dimensional Mapping and Monitoring of Open-Pit Mine Areas. Remote Sens, 7(6): 6635-6662. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70606635
Gee D., Bateson L., Sowter, A., Grebby S., Novellino A., Cigna F., Marsh S., Banton C., Wyatt L. 2017. Ground Motion in Areas of Abandoned Mining: Application of the Intermittent SBAS (ISBAS) to the Northumberland and Durham Coalfield, U.K. Geosciences, 7(3): 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7030085
Czikhardt R., Papco J., Bakon M., Liscak P., Ondrejka P., Zlocha M. 2017. Ground Stability Monitoring of Undermined and Landslide Prone Areas by Means of Sentinel-1 Multi-Temporal InSAR, Case Study from Slovakia. Geosciences, 7(3): 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7030087
Kumar A., Villuri V.G.K. 2015. Role of mining radar in mine slope stability monitoring in open cast mines. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 11: 76 – 83.
Solari L., Montalti R., Barra A., Monserrat O., Bianchini S., Crosetto M. 2020. Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry for Fast-Motion Detection: An Application to Salt Solution Mining. Remote Sens, 12(23): 3919. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233919
Brown C., Daniels A., Boyd D.S., Sowter A., Foody G., Kara S. 2020. Investigating the Potential of Radar Interferometry for Monitoring Rural Artisanal Cobalt Mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Sustainability, 12(23): 9834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239834
Wei L., Feng Q., Liu F., Mao Y., Liu S., Yang T., Tolomei C., Bignami C., Wu L. 2020. Precise Topographic Model Assisted Slope Displacement Retrieval from Small Baseline Subsets Results: Case Study over a High and Steep Mining Slope. Sensors, 20(22): 6674. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226674
Chen D., Chen H., Zhang W., Cao C., Zhu K., Yuan X., Du Y. 2020. Characteristics of the Residual Surface Deformation of Multiple Abandoned Mined-Out Areas Based on a Field Investigation and SBAS-InSAR: A Case Study in Jilin, China. Remote Sens, 12(22): 3752. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223752
Liang H., Li X., Zhang L., Chen R.-F., Ding X., Chen K.-L., Wang C.-S., Chang C.-S., Chi C.-Y. 2020. Investigation of Slow-Moving Artificial Slope Failure with Multi-Temporal InSAR by Combining Persistent and Distributed Scatterers: A Case Study in Northern Taiwan. Remote Sens, 12(15): 2403. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152403
Zheng L., Zhu L., Wang W., Guo L., Chen B. 2020. Land Subsidence Related to Coal Mining in China Revealed by L-Band InSAR Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(4): 1170. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041170
Theilen-Willige B., Ait Malek H., Charif A., El Bchari F., Chaïbi M. 2014. Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to the Investigation of Karst Landscapes in NW-Morocco. Geosciences, 4(2): 50-72. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences4020050
Chalkias C., Ferentinou M., Polykretis C. 2014. GIS-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping on the Peloponnese Peninsula, Greece. Geosciences, 4(3): 176-190. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences4030176
Bláha P. 2009. Landslide and its complex investigation. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 14(3): 221-231.
Dalyot S. 2015. Landform Monitoring and Warning Framework Based on Time Series Modeling of Topographic Databases. Geosciences, 5(2): 177-202. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences5020177
Desrues M., Lacroix P., Brenguier O. 2019. Satellite Pre-Failure Detection and In Situ Monitoring of the Landslide of the Tunnel du Chambon, French Alps. Geosciences, 9(7): 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070313
Bossi G., Mantovani M., Frigerio S., Schenato L., Marcato G., Pasuto A. 2016. A Monitoring Network to Map and Assess Landslide Activity in a Highly Anthropized Area. Geosciences, 6(3): 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences6030040
Bonetto S., Umili G., Ferrero A.M., Carosi R., Simonetti M., Biasi A., Migliazza M.R., Bianchini S. 2020. Geostructural and Geomechanical Study of the Piastrone Quarry (Seravezza, Italy) Supported by Photogrammetry to Assess Failure Mode. Geosciences, 10(2): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020064
Tao Z., Zhu C., Zheng X., He M. 2018. Slope stability evaluation and monitoring of Tonglushan ancient copper mine relics. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 10(8): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814018791707
Wessels S.D.N. Monitoring and management of a large open pit failure. Master of Science in Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, November 2009.
Gilani S.-O., Sattarvand J. 2015. A new heuristic non-linear approach for modeling the variable slope angles in open pit mine planning algorithms. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 20(4): 251-259.
Pandit B., Tiwari G., Latha G.M., Babu G.L.S. 2018. Stability Analysis of a Large Gold Mine Open‑Pit Slope Using Advanced Probabilistic Method. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 51: 2153–2174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1465-6
Fleurisson J.-A. 2012. Slope Design and Implementation in Open Pit Mines: Geological and Geomechanical Approach. Procedia Engineering, 46: 27 – 38.
Mphathiwa N., Cawood F.T. 2014. Design principles for optimizing an established survey slope monitoring system. The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 114: 463-470.
Osasan K.S., Afeni T.B. 2010. Review of surface mine slope monitoring techniques. Journal of Mining Science, 46(2): 177-186.
Ammirati L., Mondillo N., Rodas R.A., Sellers C., Di Martire D. 2020. Monitoring Land Surface Deformation Associated with Gold Artisanal Mining in the Zaruma City (Ecuador). Remote Sens, 12(13): 2135. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132135
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Stavební obzor - Civil Engineering Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
